Scope and format of entries in "Forty Exotic Worlds"

Am I blowing hot and cold about ambiguity and obscure allusions? Perhaps: I’ll have to think about what I’m trying to achieve in each occurrence, and rein in, where necessary, my habit of hiding little sardonic jokes in my writing. That’s one of the differences among three points at which you noted that my text was more or less than explicit.

The name of Ruskinburgh affords a Watsonian defence, but I actually chose it for a Doylist reason, which I did not expect that anyone would notice: I hold the naïve anti-industrial socialism that floated around the Aesthetic and Arts-and-Crafts movements in contempt, and sought to cast shade on it by remembering its association with a racist paedophile. But the first person to comment on the text did notice. And Watsonially that contempt ought not to be there. It’s not honest either: Ruskin’s moral failings are not the reason that their scheme would result in starvation and misery. If that allusion is clear I ought to cut it.

Elwing Vanhague’s sex (or at least her gender presentation), in contrast, is not invisible to the player characters: they can check Wikipedia Galactica or stream an episode of Broadcast & Streaming. Making it ambiguous to the players is, therefore, sand in the lube of setting description. If it’s not clear I ought to make it clear, because raising doubt achieves nothing.

The third and fourth points questions—“do industrial magnates sponsor decadent and subversive art?” and “do people become artists to exploit artist’s privileges, and does ‘artist’ include both men and women in that context”—are an issue of calibration. I meant those to be clear implications and I thought they were. When you ask “do they?” you might be conversationally pointing out interesting possibilities that you have inferred, or you might be telling me, as a reviewer, that the point is ambiguous and requires my attention as writer. I don’t know. So I ask. Do you think I ought to make those implications explicit?

As for authorial intent, I live for the moments in my Flat Black adventures when the players join the dots, for the moments when someone says “they are rioting because we sent women to search the men’s locker-room on a planet with sex discrimination and a nudity taboo!” or “this guy has a severe nudity taboo: if I steal all his trousers while he is in post-coital sleep he’ll be trapped in his room”. The pay-off of a novel or short story is that the reader gets a surprise and suddenly realises that it was the inevitable result that everything before was leading up to; it is the moment when the implicit becomes obvious. In an RPG it is also the moment when the obscure becomes manipulable. I don’t want to spoil those moments by laying out an encyclopaedia-full of implications. So I hope you are saying “I see that Arcolais must support a number of ‘artists’ who are in the profession for the social privileges, in particular keeping lovers as pretended models” and not “I think that readers would be unable to infer that, and be puzzled rather than experiencing narrative fulfilment when it turned out to be so”.

The issues surrounding the beauty and artistry of Streeton Gorge Dam are just what you say, and more. Is it beauty when form follows function? Regardless of whether it is beautiful, is it Art when form is dictated by function rather than aesthetics? If I get a scuba set and an underwater chainsaw and recover some of those mural carvings from below the lake, would a collector pay me for them? Could I get them off the planet before the authorities informed Spaceways that they had been stolen?

When you mentioned the business of the Imperial Retirement Service I checked my typescript, because I thought I must have mis-typed “Imperial Recruitment Bureau”. It seems not. Perhaps you have misread. Anyway: in response to your comment about the possible nefariosity of retired Imperial servants, I have to tell you that most players who played Imperial Servants for any length of time came to suppose that their characters were saving excess pay for the time when they would no longer be restrained by the Treaty of Luna, and would be free to kick in teeth that needed kicking.

And that brings us back to the beginning. I am no longer forthright about this in my introductions to Flat Black, and no longer so heavy-handed about it in my world designs, but it is (as you seem to have suspected) definitely my intention that Flat Black should be a universe full of repulsive societies, that in the rare places where everyone is happy (Todos Santos, Esbouvier etc.) they are hardly human any more and even their happiness seems repugnant. That was an aesthetic impulse from the beginning, an abreaction to the utopianism of Tonio Loewald’s ForeScene. It is also one of the bricks in the wall that makes the Empire necessary and therefore acceptable.

As for Plato, I’ll be coming for him later.

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Well, great theologians are often not great administrators either, but the Church has got on for more than a thousand years run by bishops and cardinals. Great doctors are usually bad administrators, but the RCP and RCS each have five centuries under their belts. As a former Bernard Wooley I can tell you that successful politicians often aren’t great administrators either, and are remarkably impervious to the dismal recommendations of economics.

The Academy of Art on Arcolais is a professional society of artists who have untoward wealth and an inordinate sway over public opinion. In this way they are best thought of as being like the Church, which a professional society of theologians who have untoward wealth and an inordinate sway over public opinion. When I ran an adventure on Arcolais the players referred to Beaumont Palace as “the Art Vatican” and the President of the Academy as “the Art pope”.

As for politicians on Arcolais, they are perhaps crippled by having been educated in Fine Arts instead of Economics. But they are no worse-equipped than politicians in real-world countries whose educations were based on Classics or Liberal Arts. You may have noticed that economic policy on Arcolais is terrible: about as bad as Australia in the 1970s. As for the major artworks and one-man shows that Arcolain politicians produce when they are out of office, those probably have as much literary merit as books by US politicians, and they are doubtless assisted by the “school of” to the same extent as US politicians rely on ghostly co-authors.

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And there is a very definite distinction between the sort of priest who’s a theologian and the sort who actually gets put in charge of things that need political or administrative competence. So if you’re saying that’s the kind of thing that happens on Arcolais, fine; the impression I got from the text was that any people in high positions had to be actively producing art that was recognised as “good”. It seems I’m wrong, so fair enough.

Let me check. I think you might be confusing the government with the Academy of Art, in which case I have been seriously unclear.

That’s a fair question, and I ought to offer a systematic answer—but I hadn’t decided that when I was commenting; I was reacting to bits of text that caught my attention, in an ad hoc manner. But I’m going to say that my intent in asking questions is often to say “Author: What you have written appears to suggest X. Was X what you meant to be saying?” If it was, then there’s no problem.

There’s a nice ambiguity in doing this in gaming material, though. On one hand, in game mastering, it’s highly desirable to use a fair bit of indirect exposition, and allow players to uncover and act on the things you are hinting at, and ideally to reach the point where they can intuit how things are going to work; idiot lecture is likely to make the audience of players rebel if not carefully justified. On the other hand, in writing sourcebooks, it may be necessary to spell things out; the GM who intends to use the material ought not to be in danger of misrepresenting the setting because you have not made an essential point explicit. William Blake could get away with saying “That which can be made explicit to the idiot is not worth my care,” but writing game books is very often an exercise in making things explicit to idiots—not because your entire readership are idiots, but because you have to provide at least some help for those who are. But on yet another hand, this principle applies much less to elements of flavor text in sourcebooks; if the Doylist reason for something being there is that you are making a little joke, there is no reason to elbow the reader and say “Dja get it? dja get it?”—so long as a sufficient Watsonian reason is in evidence. I think Arcolais has a sufficient Watsonian reason to name its capital for an art critic, though I confess I was surprised to see a British one used on a planet whose name suggested French cultural origins. (Perhaps excessively surprised; I have the impression that the French are quite capable of naming a street “rue Benjamin Franklin” or “avenue Emmy Noether.”)

In the case of Arcolais, I think many of the things I was asking about hint at a fundamental cultural theme: “A surface culture of prudery and repression contrasts with and is relieved by a subterranean stream of license justified by claims to artistic endeavor.” I’m not sure if you spelled that theme out in some many words and I read right past it, but I think maybe it needs to be said fairly early on, in the description rather than in the flavor text. Then the flavor text can hint at things that follow from it, and leave the (GM) reader free to pick them up and run with them, or not.

Your comment on your aesthetic goals makes me think of a book on literary criticism I copy edited some years ago, a study of the naturalist movement that was starting to die out a century ago. The critic started out by pointing out that where the romantics tended to assume that characters had a fair measure of free choice, and were defined by the choices they may, the naturalists tended to assume that people were strongly constrained by their cultures, societies, and classes, and largely could not act otherwise—but on the other hand, the writer had the free choice to observe them, to portray them accurately, and by doing so to inspire readers to undertake social reform that would free people from those constraints. Which in fact seems to be the typical mission of player characters in Flat Black.

I have mixed feelings about this. On one hand, it’s a fair point that the player characters ought to be the most interesting people in a campaign; if NPCs steal the show from them, the GM is doing a bad job. On the other hand, if I read a book of imagined places, I might not like it to be entirely a catalog of people and cultures who could be projects for some entertaining reformer to improve; I might like the people and cultures to have some features that inspire sympathy or even hope. I might even like some worlds to have some admirable elements that the blunt instruments of imperial policy are in danger of crushing.

I can see the point of your reaction against utopianism; while I have played with the concept of writing GURPS Utopia, the fundamental truth is that most utopias are deadly dull. (I’ll make an exception for Wright’s Islandia, at least in memory; I need to reread it and see if it still holds up.) But I doubt that that makes dystopia exciting, and Flat Black seems at least to be hinted to be a mild dystopia. I think what I’m hoping for is heterotopia, places that are different and interesting.

But you aren’t constrained to write for my aesthetic sensibilities, and if you continue in your own present style, I will endeavor to comment; you will just have to decide how large a grain of salt to add to my commentary.

Let me add that I look forward to seeing what you do with Plato. My feeling has long been that Plato approaches the world in the spirit of a mathematician, and Aristotle in that of a natural historian—and I mostly find Aristotle’s approach more congenial.

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It seems to me that a utopia that goes into any detail is essentially a political argument – wouldn’t it be great if instead of doing this we could do that? Because it is perfect, there is no conflict unless it deals with outsiders. (E.g., Hogan’s Voyage from Yesteryear where the conflict is between the anarchist first settlers and the statist second wave.) A utopia that doesn’t go into any detail is just “wouldn’t it be nice if I didn’t have to put up with this stuff” – e.g. The Land of Cockaigne.

Consider a setting like Transhuman Space: there are plenty of places in it where people can live long and happy lives doing more or less whatever they feel like, at little risk of crime, etc.; but you don’t set adventures in those places unless something is going wrong. (Their existence, though, implies that PCs are either people who don’t fit into those places or people who can’t get into those places for some reason.)

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Well, it’s clear that the entry on Arcolais is unclear and needs a complete re-write. And you know what? I am not going to do it now. I’m going to defy my paralysing habit of polishing before I have finished the draft. Tomorrow I will go on, probably to Nahal.

There remains a question of scope and format. Should I be more consistent in the way I compare the tabbed data of these worlds to the corresponding figures for Earth?

I have some figures in SI with a conversion to Earth-based trivial units: diameter and gravity. The easiest way to be more consistent would be to leave out the values on Earth diameters and gee and note the values in the key.

The year length is presented in local days and in Earth-based trivial units, with nary a megasecond in sight. But I represent that Earth’s year is acting as a standard unit of time here, not as a comparison.

I have some figures in SI or other standard units, with a note in the key as to what Earth’s value is. Atmospheric scale height, ocean coverage, tidal range, average surface temperature, (obliquity ought to be in here but it seems I left it out of the key entirely), escape speed, altitude of low orbit, period of low orbit, population, and population density. There really isn’t room to add equivalent values in Earth comparison to all of these.

Barometric pressure is given in an Earth equivalent, with the SI value Earth’s barometric pressure noted in the key. The partial pressure of oxygen is given in terms ot Earth’s total barometric pressure, the SI value for Earth being noted in the key but no value for planet in terms or Earth’s actual equivalent being offered.

The level of illumination is given in an Earth equivalent, with no conversion to lux anywhere.

That is a bit of a mess, though all the decisions seemed good at the time.

Giving values in SI and equivalents as a multiple of Earth’s corresponding value for every datum for which a comparison is meaningful would not be practical. There isn’t space in a column.

Giving values in SI (or other standard scales such as hours, years, and °C) only, with Earth’s diameter and gravity added to the key, would be consistent. But it would mean becoming rather more obscure to American readers (I am not going to add US Customary equivalents), beside which pascals aren’t all that well-known in the rest of the Anglosphere, and lux are obscure even to me.

Advice?

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It is my premise for Flat Black that continued improvements in transport and communications, travel, migration, intermarriage, cultural exchange, loss of faith, and death of languages, on Earth before emigration began in earnest, obscured current distinctions of race, language, nationality, culture, and religion. One of the ways that I signify that is to employ some consistency in the cultural references of old colonies in the Core, but completely scramble the signifiers for worlds in the periphery and fringe.

Besides. Is “Arcolais” French? I coined it by changing one letter in a place-name from Vance’s Dying Earth. Would it help if I changed it back to “Ascolais”?

No. Not at all. For some reason I have the greatest difficulty in conveying this point, except to players in my campaigns. I don’t know what I have written that conveys that impression so strongly.

Typical players in Flat Black operate on a scope at least six or seven orders of magnitude too small to change the society of a planet. Social reform of a planetary society in Flat Black is a heartbreaking slog on which thousands of people expend their entire careers, it is not a thing that a starfleet captain could do any week whenever he dared to defy the Prime Directive.

In a typical mission in Flat Black a team of players arrest one murderer. Or they rescue one journalist from a repressive regime’s Island of Living Death. Or they recover one stolen painting. Or they plant one piece of fake evidence into the haul of an archaeological looting expedition. Or they recruit one informant, Or get one train-full of civilians safely across a subcontinent during the outbreak of a civil war. Little stuff. The scale of personal adventure, not space-operatic grandiosity.

Getting to take down a nasty crime family that controls quarter of a city, or to discredit or assassinate the leader of a nascent authoritarian populist movement is a rare treat. Things of such importance usually fall into player characters’ laps only if they crop up unexpectedly in the course of something else.

I might like the people and cultures to have some features that inspire sympathy or even hope. I might even like some worlds to have some admirable elements that the blunt instruments of imperial policy are in danger of crushing.

That’s an excellent point, and one that I must keep in mind.

The utility of any particular set of units will surely depend to some extent on what game system people are using the thing with: for example, GURPS wants gravity in earth G (and I think every game I’ve played that cared about gravity at all did too), so I’d retain that no matter what else goes.

What GURPS wants for atmospheres (the ones that don’t actively kill you) blends together absolute pressure and ppO₂ into a single descriptive category. In fact breaking those out might be a nice short piece for The Path of Cunning – thanks.

Illumination is only really covered in any sort of detail in GURPS Powers - Enhanced Senses, and that uses lux (imposing penalties at 20). But I think that that’s not a “first class” parameter – it feeds into how well agriculture and solar power plants (but I repeat myself) work, but it doesn’t directly affect most things PCs want to do or how the planet feels.

So those are the numbers a GURPS GM would be looking for…

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Well, on one hand, “arc” could be an element in a French word (consider arc-en-ciel, rainbow), and on the other, lots and lots of French words end in “-ais” (with a silent s).

However, it looks as if it isn’t an existing French word or name anyway. The closest I can find is arcolai, an Italian plural noun apparently meaning “wool winders.”

Oh, by all means. But I think you are overstating the magnitude of the problems, anyway. In my case, at least, many of my comments amounted to “Is this what you meant?” (and by and large it was). My main suggestion has been that you could make the underlying duality of prudery and license more explicit in the straight descriptive text, and that’s a matter of emphasis more than substance.

I think your resolve to move forward is sound. I have read about how much time Tolkien wasted in responding to criticism of his drafts by going back and rewriting the whole thing . . .

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I guess the only specific RPG that I am likely to use and that treats such things mechanically in ForeSight, which wants gravity in gees and temperatures in Celsius, uses local rather than global conditions for its local-environment rules, and describes atmospheres with one word denoting a category of pressures and another denoting the protective gear required.

Though relevant, the needs of RPG rules aren’t the only consideration; I use these figures to communicate to the players, and hesitate to make my readers learn how big (for a planet) 12 500 km is, how much gravity 9.8 m/s² is, how thick 101 kPa of air is, how stifling or invigorating 21 kPa of O₂ is, how warm (for a planet) an average surface temperature of 15 °C is, how bright a planet is when its solar luminous constant is 128 klx, how crowded a planet is when its population density is 59 people/km². Some of my players have been and presumably will be Americans. Few people anywhere understand how bright a lux is; many are in addition unfamiliar with kilometers and celsius, and affronted at being asked to deal with the SI.

As for illuminance being irrelevant to how a planet feels, in Australia the solar illuminance is about twice as bright as in the UK, and a lot of people remark that that makes a big and sudden difference to how they feel. London is nothing like as dim as 20 lux, but I’ve known a lot of people remark on disembarking from their planes in Sydney, or relate of steaming into the Bay of Biscay on a ship from Southampton, that they suddenly felt much happier because the sunlight was bright.

It’s not just the agriculture and the sunglasses, or the different feelings evoked by a “shady” and a “murky” verandah. I’m keeping illuminance. The question is whether to report it as “128 klx” or “100% as bright as Earth”.

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I’ve given some thought to presenting all the data in terms of Earth equivalents, without any standard units. That would be okay for gravity, year length, barometric pressure, partial pressure of oxygen, tidal range, and illumination. But it would be awkward for day length, scale height of the atmosphere, ocean cover, average temperature (though a Celsius difference from Earth would be okay), escape speed, altitude and period of low orbit, population, and population density. Duplicating every figure would take too much room, and a lot of those would still be awkward.

That being the case, slaying this balrog would involve deleting the figures for diameter, gravity, and year length in D, g, and a, giving barometric pressure and partial pressure of oxygen in kPa instead of bar, and illuminance in klx instead of a percentage of Earth’s. Then I would have to teach in the key that Earth’s diameter is 12 742 km, its gravity 9.8 m/s², its atmospheric pressure 101.3 kPa, its ppO₂ 21 kPa (and the breathable limits about 11 kPa to 40 kPa), and its solar illuminance at the top of the atmosphere 128 klx.

Who here feels that they would be better served by that?

By “straight descriptive text” you mean the main section of the running text, right? Not the tabbed data?

Right. The stuff with tabs I would not call “text.” I mean the stuff after the tabbed data and before the Attractions subhead.

Ah, no. I actually feel more that I would be better served by having more things in units where Earth is 1.00. If actual metric units are wanted, they can be explained at the front of the book, in a master key, and anyone who has a physical science orientation can punch buttons on their calculator to determine that 1.19 g x 9.8 m s^(-2) g^(-1) = 11.7 m s^(-2).

It seems to me that day length is very easily stated in Earth days; “its day is 37.2 Earth days” is easily understood. Scale height relative to Earth’s would have the merit of telling readers that planet P’s atmosphere reaches low pressures very quickly, and planet Q’s very slowly, whereas hardly anyone will remember the scale height of Earth’s atmosphere or have an intuitive sense of what “scale height 3.2 km” is telling them. I’m not sure how many of the others this would work for, though your suggestion for average temperature has merit; perhaps escape speed would work, as a way of suggesting whether it’s easier or harder to get into orbit. Population and population density certainly should not be given relative to Earth, as they are not even approximately constant, having changed by a nonnegligible in my and your lifetimes.

In warning against the balrog of big minds I don’t mean to suggest that all inconsistencies are careless.

Hmm. That makes some of the units hard to express succinctly, and if they are unstated in the entries the material becomes less accessible, even with explanations in the key.

Besides, I feel some aesthetic disquiet at relying heavily on Earth as a standard in a setting in which Earth is not familiar to the characters. This is not a Watsonian document, but that is too obvious it draws attention to the artifice.

My resolve failed. There is a new draft entry on Arcolais at the old URL. I have simplified the layout of the tabbed data and revised it for consistent use of standard units. And I re-wrote the text (1) to emphasise that the licence for artists allows some easement of the society’s prudery, (2) to make it clear that Arcolais does not have able administrators or an efficient economy, and (3) to reduce the possibility of confusion between the Academy of Art and the government.

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I’m with whswhs on this. Assuming you’ll be giving the conversions anyway, “relative to Earth” lets the reader get an immediate feel for what’s going on, and then they can do the conversion if the exact number matters. But I do think that pushing everything to Earth-comparison units would be too much.

Erratum: “the live” → “they live”